Assembly equipment and assembly method

ABSTRACT

Assembly equipment comprises a base, a first holding hand provided in a first robot arm set on the base, a second holding hand provided in a second robot arm set on the base, and a control device configured to control the first and second robot arms and the first and second holding hands. The first holding hand comprises an attachment connected to the first robot arm and having a rotation shaft, and an aligning holding mechanism provided in a rotation mechanism having a rotation shaft located to intersect the rotation shaft of the attachment or located in a skewed positional relationship with the rotation shaft of the attachment. A cooperative working area of the first and second holding hands is provided in an overlapping area where working areas of the first and second holding hands overlap with each other.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/754096, filed Jan. 30, 2013, which claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-022075 filed Feb. 3, 2012, which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

Aspects of the present invention generally relate to assembly equipment that performs assembly operation with two robot arms having aligning holding hands.

Description of the Related Art

In industry, a number of pieces of assembly equipment that perform assembly operation using robot arms have been used. In recent years, there has been a demand for assembly equipment that achieves assembly operation using robot arms, instead of manually performing assembly operation. In contrast, in manual assembly performed in production factories, a human cell production system has been introduced in which conveyors are removed and a person directly conveys workpieces and assembles a plurality of kinds of parts and complementary materials to the workpieces.

There is a new cell production system called a “machine cell production system” that enhances productivity of an operator by combining manpower and assembly equipment.

From such a background, there is a demand for assembly equipment that can assemble a plurality of parts and complementary materials to a workpiece only in the assembly equipment in order to perform assembly using robot arms instead of manual assembly.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-105106 (hereinafter referred to as “Patent Document 1”) proposes a production system that can assemble a plurality of parts and complementary materials to a workpiece to enhance working efficiency.

The production system of Patent Document 1 comprises a pair of manipulators equipped with hands for holding a part of an assembled part, an assembly stage serving as an assembly position for two parts, and a control device for operating the manipulators. The manipulators are arranged such that working areas of the hands overlap to form an overlapping working area. The assembly stage is provided in the overlapping working area.

However, the related art disclosed in Patent Document 1 has the following problems.

First, a number of detachment and conveying operations are sometimes performed during assembly.

It is necessary to perform a workpiece conveying and attaching operation of conveying a workpiece from a supply position to a predetermined position on the assembly stage by the robot arm and attaching the workpiece to the assembly stage and a workpiece removing and conveying operation of removing the workpiece from the assembly stage and conveying the workpiece to an eject position. Since assembly operation is performed with the workpiece being held on the assembly stage, working efficiency is reduced.

Further, it is necessary to hold, in the hands, tooling such as a coating device and a screwdriver and to attach and detach the tooling in response to a holding operation and a release operation. This also reduces working efficiency.

Secondly, a sufficient degree of freedom in assembly needed to an assembly operation, such as a coating operation, is sometimes not ensured. Since the operation is performed with the workpiece being fixed on the assembly stage, the posture of the workpiece is limited and this makes it difficult to perform assembly with a high degree of freedom. When the assembly stage is used, a fixing jig is frequently used in combination with the assembly stage, and this increases the production cost.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One aspect of the present invention provides assembly equipment that provides high working efficiency and is able to perform assembly operation with a high degree of freedom.

Assembly equipment according to an aspect of the present invention comprises a base, a first holding hand provided in a first robot arm set on the base, a second holding hand provided in a second robot arm set on the base, and a control device configured to control the first and second robot arms and the first and second holding hands. The first holding hand comprises an attachment connected to the first robot arm and having a rotation shaft, and an aligning holding mechanism provided in a rotation mechanism having a rotation shaft located to intersect the rotation shaft of the attachment or located in a skewed positional relationship with the rotation shaft of the attachment. A cooperative working area of the first and second holding hands is provided in an overlapping area where working areas of the first and second holding hands overlap with each other.

According to exemplary embodiments of the assembly equipment, a part can be conveyed to an assembly position where the part is to be assembled to a held workpiece, and assembly operation can be performed with the first and second holding hands provided in the robot arms without using an assembly stage. For this reason, it is possible to omit a workpiece conveying and attaching operation and a workpiece removing and conveying operation that should be performed when the assembly stage is used. Further, since the assembly position and posture of the workpiece can be arbitrarily changed, high productivity can be ensured and assembly can be performed with a high degree of freedom.

Further features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates assembly equipment according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 illustrates a first holding hand according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 illustrates assembly equipment according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 4 illustrates assembly equipment according to a third embodiment.

FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate an exemplary operation in the third embodiment.

FIG. 6 illustrates working areas in the third embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS First Embodiment

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of assembly equipment according to a first embodiment. Referring to FIG. 1, a first robot arm 2 and a second robot arm 3 of a six-axis articulated type are arranged on a base 1 to oppose each other. At distal ends of the first robot arm 2 and the second robot arm 3, holding hands 4 and 5 are provided. Each of the holding hands 4 and 5 comprises an attachment having a force sensor mounted in a wrist portion of the robot arm and an aligning holding mechanism provided in a rotation mechanism. The force sensor can detect the force applied to the hand during assembly. The force sensor does not always need to be mounted, but can be mounted according to user's need.

FIG. 2 illustrates the first holding hand 4 in the first embodiment. As illustrated in FIG. 2, an attachment 26 comprises a mechanism that rotates about a rotation shaft a. The attachment 26 further comprises a rotation mechanism 27 having a rotation shaft b. The rotation shaft b intersects the rotation shaft a of the attachment 26. The rotation shaft b and the rotation shaft a may have a skewed positional relationship.

The term “skewed positional relationship” refers to a positional relationship between two straight lines in space that are not parallel and do not intersect each other.

A first control device 6 a and a second control device 6 b are connected to the robot arms. According to signals output from the control devices, the robot arms and the holding hands operate. That is, the control devices control the first and second robot arms 2 and 3 and the first and second holding hands 4 and 5. The robot arms may be controlled by one control device.

When the first or second holding hand is equipped with the force sensor, assembly operation is performed with reference to the magnitude of force detected by the force sensor.

The robot arms 2 and 3 are controlled by the control devices. According to signals output from the control devices, a position and a posture in a three-dimensional space of a finger coordinate system provided in the attachment 26 can be changed.

A description will be given of a case in which the rotation shaft a and the rotation shaft b are orthogonal to each other in the first embodiment.

The rotation mechanism 27 is equipped with an aligning holding mechanism 28 such that an aligning position of the aligning holding mechanism 28 coincides with the rotation shaft b of the rotation mechanism 27.

The rotation mechanism 27 is attached to the robot arm with the attachment 26 being disposed therebetween in a state in which the rotation shaft b of the rotation mechanism 27 and the rotation shaft a of the attachment 26 intersect with each other.

For this reason, an article held in the first holding hand 4 can be conveyed to an arbitrary position, for example, while being kept in a horizontal posture.

In general, a part to be supplied to the assembly equipment is stably placed on a parts supply pallet while its center of gravity is low. When the part is held in the second holding hand 5, it can be conveyed to the position of the first holding hand 4 serving as an assembly position without changing its posture, and this enhances assembly efficiency. When the rotation shaft a and the rotation shaft b are orthogonal, the constituent units of the assembly equipment can be easily laid out, and a control program is simplified.

When electric wiring of the aligning holding mechanism 28 is passed through a hollow shaft of the rotation mechanism 27 with a slip ring being disposed therebetween, the aligning holding mechanism 28 can be rotated without any limitation to the number of rotations of the rotation mechanism 27.

FIG. 2 illustrates the first holding hand 4. The first holding hand 4 can turn about a turn shaft c at a distal end of the first robot arm 2. Further, the aligning holding mechanism 28 can rotate about the rotation shaft a provided in the attachment 26.

In this way, the changes of the rotation angles of the rotation shaft a of the attachment 26 and the rotation shaft b of the rotation mechanism 27 relative to the first robot arm 2 are not used to change the position and posture of the first robot arm 2. For this reason, the posture of the aligning holding mechanism 28 can be controlled independently of the position and posture of the robot arm 2. Cooperative rotation of the rotation shaft a of the attachment 26 and the rotation shaft b of the rotation mechanism 27 according to a signal from the control device allows the aligning holding mechanism 28 to be moved in a free posture. Alternatively, the aligning holding mechanism 28 can be moved by changing the position and posture of the robot arm 2 while maintaining the posture of the aligning holding mechanism 28. Of course, when only one rotation shaft is needed to maintain the posture of the aligning holding mechanism 28, cooperative rotation is performed so that the change of the rotation angle of the other rotation shaft becomes zero.

Working areas of the first and second holding hands 4 and 5 provided in the robot arms 2 and 3 are arranged as follows. A working area α of the first holding hand 4 and a working area β of the second holding hand 5 overlap to form an overlapping area. In this overlapping area, a cooperative working area is provided in which the first and second holding hands 4 and 5 of the two robot arms 2 and 3 perform assembly operation in cooperation with each other. Since a sufficient assembly operation is frequently difficult in boundary areas on the outermost sides of the working areas of the holding hands of the robots, the cooperative working area is frequently provided on an inner side of the overlapping area.

The working areas will be described in more detail in conjunction with a third embodiment with reference to the drawings.

Since the assembly equipment of the first embodiment has the above-described configuration, the number of joints of the robot arms can be reduced. Since this further simplifies the structure of the control system, the cost is reduced and the first holding hand 4 can be operated with high positioning accuracy. In this way, the number of shafts of the robot arms can be reduced. The technique of the present embodiment is also applicable to an articulated robot having seven or more axes and an articulated robot having less than six axes.

A holding portion of the aligning holding mechanism 28 comprises claws that has a shape such as to hold a plurality of kinds of annular articles from the outer side or the inner side depending on the use. The claws open and close in the same phase, and this allows a plurality of kinds of annular articles to be held in an aligned manner. A bearing surface for receiving a held article is provided below the claws. The bearing surface has a shape such as to suppress the tilt of the held article and to hold the article in a predetermined phase.

Second Embodiment

FIG. 3 illustrates a second embodiment. Referring to FIG. 3, a working unit 30 is installed in the assembly equipment of the first embodiment. The working unit 30 performs a special assembly operation requested by the user, such as screwing and application of various coating materials. The working unit 30 comprises a working section 31 that performs assembly operation, for example, a screwdriver or a coating device.

Here, a detailed description will be given of a case in which the working unit 30 comprises a coating device for ejecting a coating material. Hereinafter, the working section 31 will be referred to as a coating device. The coating device stores various coating materials necessary for assembly such as adhesive, grease, and self-adhesive, and performs assembly while applying a predetermined amount of coating material onto a predetermined position of a part to be assembled.

First, the assembly equipment conveys an annular part, which is aligned and held by a first holding hand 4, to a predetermined position near the coating device in the working unit 30 so that the annular part takes a predetermined posture.

To coat the annular part in a circumferential direction, the coating device is started to eject a coating material, and simultaneously, a rotation mechanism 27 is rotated by a predetermined amount and at a predetermined speed.

In this way, in the second embodiment, the coating device is not moved, unlike the related art in which the coating device held in the second holding hand is moved onto the assembly stage for coating. Therefore, the gap amount between the coating device and the annular part and the coating angle can be easily maintained with a target positioning accuracy, and this increases coating accuracy.

In the related art, when an annular part is held on the assembly stage, it is sometimes physically difficult to coat an inner side of the annular part because the coating device has a number of blind spots. Since the working unit 30 including the working section 31 for performing assembly operation is set in the cooperative working area in the second embodiment, the posture of the annular part can be independently changed with a degree of freedom equivalent to that of the six-axis articulated robot.

That is, the posture of the coating device relative to the part is not changed, but the posture of the part relative to the coating device can be changed.

For this reason, a coating operation is performed during assembly with a higher degree of freedom and a higher accuracy than in the method of the related art.

By setting the working unit 30 in the cooperative working area of the first and second holding hands 4 and 5, the part held in the second holding hand 5 may be conveyed to a predetermined position in the working unit 30 in a predetermined posture, and may be assembled in cooperation with a positioning or working section.

While the coating operation has been given as an example in the second embodiment, in other operations, for example, in a screwing operation, the working section 31 can be replaced with a screwdriver device.

Third Embodiment

FIG. 4 illustrates a third embodiment. Referring to FIG. 4, a workpiece supply pallet 42 is set on a workpiece supply table 41 in a working area of a first holding hand 4, and a plurality of annular workpieces 43 are placed on the workpiece supply pallet 42. Further, a parts supply pallet 52 is set on a parts supply table 51 in a working area of a second holding hand 5, and a plurality of sub-pallets are placed on the parts supply pallet 52. A plurality of annular parts 53 of one type are stacked on each of the sub-pallets.

FIG. 6 illustrates working areas of the holding hand 4 and 5 provided in robot arms according to the third embodiment. In an overlapping area of a working area α of the first holding hand 4 and a working area β of the second holding hand 5, a cooperative working area 60 where the two robot arms perform assembly in cooperation with each other is provided.

Operation performed in the third embodiment will be described in detail below.

As illustrated in FIG. 5A, the first holding hand 4 aligns and holds an annular workpiece 43 on the workpiece supply pallet 42 from above. Then, the first holding hand 4 conveys the workpiece 43 to the cooperative working area 60 while changing the posture of the workpiece 43. In contrast, the second holding hand 5 approaches a part 53 in the parts supply pallet 52 on the parts supply table 51 from above, and aligns, holds, and conveys the part 53 to the cooperative working area 60. FIG. 4 illustrates states of two robot arms immediately before assembly. After that, the two robot arms perform assembly operation.

After the second holding hand 5 moves to the parts supply table 51 and holds and conveys the part 53 to the cooperative working area 60, it performs an assembly operation of assembling the part 53 to the annular workpiece 43. The parts supply pallet 52 stores a plurality of kinds of parts, and the second holding hand 5 sequentially conveys the parts for assembly.

The workpiece supply table 41 is provided outside the working area β of the second holding hand 5, and the parts supply table 51 is provided outside the working area α of the first holding hand 4. For this reason, there is no risk of interference of moving bodies, such as the holding hands and the robot arms, outside the overlapping working area 60 of the working area α and the working area β. Therefore, it is possible to simplify preparation for start of production activities for avoiding interference, such as improvement of layout, change of a program, and instructions to the robots. This shortens the start-up time of the production activities of the assembly equipment.

When the annular workpiece 43 is moved such that an assembled portion is located in a predetermined position and a predetermine posture (for example, the assembled portion is faced upward in the Z-direction for assembly) and the part 53 is moved by the second holding hand 5 from the parts supply table 51 to the cooperative working area 60, there is little need to change the posture of the part 53. For this reason, part conveyance can be performed efficiently.

The assembly equipment may further comprise a camera. In this case, the position and phase of the part are detected by processing an image of the part taken by the camera during conveyance from the parts supply table 51 to the cooperative working area 60, and the position and phase of the part are corrected to a predetermined position and a predetermined phase during conveyance to the cooperative working area 60. By thus carrying out the assembly operation on the basis of information about the taken image, for example, a more complicated fitting operation can be performed.

Further, as illustrated in FIG. 5B, while the second holding hand 5 is holding and conveying the next part, the first holding hand 4 can convey a workpiece to a predetermined position in the working unit 30 and perform assembly operation in cooperation with the working section 31.

Depending on the setups of the assembly operation, the second holding hand 5 can hold a part placed in the working area β thereof to carry out the above operation.

By thus successively assembling annular workpieces 43, efficient assembly is possible.

In these structures, there is no risk of interference of the holding hands and the robot arms outside the cooperative working area 60 illustrated in FIG. 6. Hence, it is not always necessary to control the two robot arms by one control device as in a dual-arm robot. For this reason, one control device and one robot arm can be combined when interlock is performed in the cooperative working area 60. In this case, for example, the program can be made simpler than in the typical dual-arm robot.

An unmanned automatic assembly equipment may be appropriately obtained by automatically supplying and ejecting the workpiece supply pallet 42 and the parts supply pallet 52 by an unmanned carrier such as an AGV.

While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions. 

1. (canceled)
 2. A robot apparatus comprising: a robot arm; and a holding hand, wherein the holding hand includes an attachment and a holding mechanism, wherein the attachment includes a first rotation unit that rotates about a first axis of rotation and a second rotation unit that rotates about a second axis of rotation, a direction of which corresponds to a direction intersecting the first axis of rotation or a direction skew with respect to the first axis of rotation, wherein the first rotation unit includes a first portion having a first attaching portion with respect to the first axis of rotation and a second portion having a second attaching portion, wherein the second rotation unit is attached to the second attaching portion, wherein the holding mechanism is attached to the second rotation unit, wherein the second rotation unit is disposed between the holding mechanism and the second portion, wherein the second rotation unit and the holding mechanism rotate together with the first rotation unit about the first axis of rotation, and wherein the holding mechanism is attached to the second rotation unit in such a manner that the holding mechanism rotates together with the second rotation unit about the second axis of rotation and that the holding mechanism or the second rotation unit intersects a virtual line extending from the first axis of rotation.
 3. The robot apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the robot arm is a six-axis articulated robot arm.
 4. The robot apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the holding mechanism includes an alignment mechanism, and an alignment position of the alignment mechanism coincides with the second axis of rotation.
 5. The robot apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of claws is attached to the holding mechanism and the plurality of claws opens and closes in a same phase.
 6. The robot apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the first axis of rotation and the second axis of rotation are orthogonal to each other.
 7. An assembly equipment comprising: a first robot arm; a second robot arm; a first holding hand; and a second holding hand, wherein the first holding hand includes an attachment and a holding mechanism, wherein the attachment includes a first rotation unit that rotates about a first axis of rotation and a second rotation unit that rotates about a second axis of rotation, a direction of which corresponds to a direction intersecting the first axis of rotation or a direction skew with respect to the first axis of rotation, wherein the first rotation unit includes a first portion having a first attaching portion with respect to the first axis of rotation and a second portion having a second attaching portion, wherein the second rotation unit is attached to the second attaching portion, wherein the holding mechanism is attached to the second rotation unit, wherein the second rotation unit is disposed between the holding mechanism and the second portion, wherein the second rotation unit and the holding mechanism rotate together with the first rotation unit about the first axis of rotation, wherein the holding mechanism is attached to the second rotation unit in such a manner that the holding mechanism rotates together with the second rotation unit about the second axis of rotation and that the holding mechanism or the second rotation unit intersects a virtual line extending from the first axis of rotation, and wherein the second holding hand is attached to the second robot arm and the second holding hand includes a holding mechanism for holding a component to be assembled to a component held by the first holding hand.
 8. The assembly equipment according to claim 7, wherein the robot arm is a six-axis articulated robot arm.
 9. The assembly equipment according to claim 7, wherein the holding mechanism includes an alignment mechanism, and an alignment position of the alignment mechanism coincides with the second axis of rotation.
 10. The assembly equipment according to claim 7, wherein a plurality of claws is attached to the holding mechanism and the plurality of claws opens and closes in a same phase.
 11. The assembly equipment according to claim 7, wherein the first axis of rotation and the second axis of rotation are orthogonal to each other.
 12. A holding hand to be attached to a robot arm, comprising: an attachment; and a holding mechanism, wherein the attachment includes a first rotation unit that rotates about a first axis of rotation and a second rotation unit that rotates about a second axis of rotation, a direction of which corresponds to a direction intersecting the first axis of rotation or a direction skew with respect to the first axis of rotation, wherein the first rotation unit includes a first portion having a first attaching portion with respect to the first axis of rotation and a second portion having a second attaching portion, wherein the second rotation unit is attached to the second attaching portion, wherein the holding mechanism is attached to the second rotation unit, wherein the second rotation unit is disposed between the holding mechanism and the second portion, wherein the second rotation unit and the holding mechanism rotate together with the first rotation unit about the first axis of rotation, and wherein the holding mechanism is attached to the second rotation unit in such a manner that the holding mechanism rotates together with the second rotation unit about the second axis of rotation and that the holding mechanism or the second rotation unit intersects a virtual line extending from the first axis of rotation.
 13. The holding hand according to claim 12, wherein the holding mechanism includes an alignment mechanism, and an alignment position of the alignment mechanism coincides with the second axis of rotation.
 14. The holding hand according to claim 12, wherein a plurality of claws is attached to the holding mechanism and the plurality of claws opens and closes in a same phase.
 15. The holding hand according to claim 12, wherein the first axis of rotation and the second axis of rotation are orthogonal to each other.
 16. A manufacturing method for an article by using equipment comprising: a first robot arm; a second robot arm; a first holding hand; and a second holding hand attached to the second robot arm, wherein the first holding hand includes an attachment and a holding mechanism, wherein the attachment includes a first rotation unit that rotates about a first axis of rotation and a second rotation unit that rotates about a second axis of rotation, a direction of which corresponds to a direction intersecting the first axis of rotation or a direction skew with respect to the first axis of rotation, wherein the first rotation unit includes a first portion having a first attaching portion with respect to the first axis of rotation and a second portion having a second attaching portion, wherein the second rotation unit is attached to the second attaching portion, wherein the holding mechanism is attached to the second rotation unit, wherein the second rotation unit is disposed between the holding mechanism and the second portion, wherein the second rotation unit and the holding mechanism rotate together with the first rotation unit about the first axis of rotation, and wherein the holding mechanism is attached to the second rotation unit in such a manner that the holding mechanism rotates together with the second rotation unit about the second axis of rotation and that the holding mechanism or the second rotation unit intersects a virtual line extending from the first axis of rotation, the method comprising: driving the second robot arm to assemble a component held by the second holding hand to a component held by the first holding hand.
 17. The manufacturing method for an article according to claim 16, wherein the robot arm is a six-axis articulated robot arm.
 18. The manufacturing method for an article according to claim 16, wherein the holding mechanism includes an alignment mechanism, and an alignment position of the alignment mechanism coincides with the second axis of rotation.
 19. The manufacturing method for an article according to claim 16, wherein a plurality of claws is attached to the holding mechanism and the plurality of claws opens and closes in a same phase.
 20. The manufacturing method for an article according to claim 16, wherein the first axis of rotation and the second axis of rotation are orthogonal to each other. 